Xenagia (GR): 'foreign legion'; military unit. Stratiootès (GR): soldier. The Athenian general Iphicrates had his troops make repeated hit and run attacks on the Spartans, who, having neither peltasts nor cavalry, could not respond effectively. War also led to acquisition of land and slaves which would lead to a greater harvest, which could support a larger army. Between 356 and 342 BC Phillip conquered all city states in the vicinity of Macedon, then Thessaly and then Thrace. At the decisive Battle of Leuctra (371 BC), the Thebans routed the allied army. Kataskopos (GR): scout. Lochagos (GR): (1) unit commander; (2) file leader. Syzeuxis (GR): parallel formation. Tresantès (GR): coward. Although alliances between city states occurred before this time, nothing on this scale had been seen before. Kakos (GR): coward. Miles medicus: medical orderly; army doctor. Promachos (GR): ‘front fighter’; heavy armed soldier fighting ahead of the light armed missile troops. Paramèridion (GR): (1) side-arm; (2) thigh armour. Cheir (GR): arm protector. Koilè phalanx (GR): concave battle-formation. The Theban hegemony would be short-lived however. Holosidèros (GR): (1) heavily armoured soldier; (2) cataphract horseman. Strateusis (GR): military campaign. These changes greatly increased the number of casualties and the disruption of Greek society. Since the soldiers were citizens with other occupations, warfare was limited in distance, season and scale. The word hoplite (Greek ὁπλίτης, hoplitēs) derives from hoplon (ὅπλον, plural hopla, ὅπλα) meaning a large, round shield, as they were named after their most notable gear. Ilè basilikè (GR): 'royal squadron'; elite unit of Macedonian hetairoi (GR) cavalry, possibly of larger size than other ilai (GR). Spiculum (LA): javelin; late Roman pilum successor. Armies marched directly to their target, possibly agreed on by the protagonists. The Theban left wing was thus able to crush the elite Spartan forces on the allied right, whilst the Theban centre and left avoided engagement; after the defeat of the Spartans and the death of the Spartan king, the rest of the allied army routed. When exactly the phalanx developed is uncertain, but it is thought to have been developed by the Argives in their early clashes with the Spartans. Van der Heyden, A. Drepanèphoros (GR): scythed chariot. Although by the end of the Theban hegemony the cities of southern Greece were severely weakened, they might have risen again had it not been for the ascent to power of the Macedonian kingdom in northern Greece. Stratègion (LA): commander's tent. War also stimulated production because of the sudden increase in demand for weapons and armor. They were known as hoplites because of the shield that they used to protect them. Synaspismos (GR): locked shields formation. It scouted, screened, harassed, outflanked and pursued with the most telling moment being the use of Syracusan horse to harass and eventually destroy the retreating Athenian army of the disastrous Sicilian expedition 415-413 B.C. Chlamys (GR): cloak. Homoios (GR): ‘peer’; Spartan enjoying full citizenship. Kybernètès (GR): helmsman. 1194 BCE: Trojan War: The Trojan war between the Greeks and the Trojans (inhabitants of Troy) began Plunder was also a large part of war and this allowed for pressure to be taken off of the government finances and allowed for investments to be made that would strengthen the polis. The eventual triumph of the Greeks was achieved by alliances of many city-states (the exact composition changing over time), allowing the pooling of resources and division of labour. The most famous acropolis is the Acropolis of Athens. Syskènios (GR): ‘tent partner’; Spartan member of military mess association. Militaris: military. Salpinx (GR): trumpet. Machairophoros (GR): swordsman. More Greek Architecture Greek Military This is a catapult, a Greek invention. Ancient Greek politics, philosophy, art and scientific achievements greatly influenced Western civilizations today. Symmachia (GR): alliance. Demoralised, Xerxes returned to Asia Minor with much of his army, leaving his general Mardonius to campaign in Greece the following year (479 BC). Psilos (GR): light equipped soldier; skirmisher. Peltè (GR): light shield. The origins of the hoplite are obscure, and no small matter of contention amongst historians. Hyperèsia (GR): 'auxiliary group'; naval crew in addition to the rowers and captain such as marines and deck hands. Uprooting trees was especially effective given the Greek reliance on the olive crop and the long time it takes new olive trees to reach maturity. Porpax (GR): arm-band of a shield. Sagaris (GR): battle-axe. Gradually, and especially during the Peloponnesian war, cavalry became more important acquiring every role that cavalry could play, except perhaps frontal attack. This alliance thus removed the constraints on the type of armed forces that the Greeks could use. The war (or wars, since it is often divided into three periods) was for much of the time a stalemate, punctuated with occasional bouts of activity. Gastraphetès (GR): ‘belly bow’; heavy crossbow/light catapult. Only when a Persian force managed to outflank them by means of a mountain track was the allied army overcome; but by then Leonidas had dismissed the majority of the troops, remaining with a rearguard of 300 Spartans (and perhaps 2000 other troops), in the process making one of history's great last stands. Many of these would have been mercenary troops, hired from outlying regions of Greece. [9] Darius thus sent his commanders Datis and Artaphernes to attack Attica, to punish Athens for her intransigence. Undoubtedly part of the reason for the weakness of the hegemony was a decline in the Spartan population. After they refused to disband their army, an army of approximately 10,000 Spartans and Pelopennesians marched north to challenge the Thebans. Belos (GR): missile. One of the most famous troop of Greek cavalry was the Tarantine cavalry, originating from the city-state of Taras in Magna Graecia.[8]. Failing that, a battle degenerated into a pushing match, with the men in the rear trying to force the front lines through those of the enemy. Stephanos (GR): (1) garland; (2) helmet crest. Kopidion (GR): slashing knife. Ekdromos (GR): 'out runner'; hoplite leaving the phalanx (GR) formation to chase light troops. Legion, a military organization, originally the largest permanent organization in the armies of ancient Rome. The early encounters, at Nemea and Coronea were typical engagements of hoplite phalanxes, resulting in Spartan victories. Spartiatès (GR): Spartan member of syssition entitled to full citizen rights. In the early stages of Greek Warfare in the Archai… The Spartan hegemony would last another 16 years, until, at the Battle of Leuctra (371) the Spartans were decisively defeated by the Theban general Epaminondas. Epaminondas deployed tactics similar to those at Leuctra, and again the Thebans, positioned on the left, routed the Spartans, and thereby won the battle. Greek training methods meant running long distances, using their body weight and ingenuity. Agrianos (GR): elite light infantryman. Poliorkia (GR): siege. Basileus (GR): king. Thebes is a town in central Greece which has been continuously inhabited for five millennia. Antilabè (GR): grip of a shield. History comes alive when Pressfield discusses the battles and city-states of ancient Greece. Doulos (GR): slave. Thyreos (GR): shield. There are other daily puzzles for July 3 2017 Mystic Words: Ancient Greek military power Mystic words; Noisy opposition Mystic words Kopis (GR): slashing sword; falchion. The losses in the ten years of the Theban hegemony left all the Greek city-states weakened and divided. 57–82. This 'combined arms' approach was furthered by the extensive use of skirmishers, such as peltasts. The Greek navy, despite their lack of experience, also proved their worth holding back the Persian fleet whilst the army still held the pass. Aspidiskè (GR): small shield. Cavalry had always existed in Greek armies of the classical era but the cost of horses made it far more expensive than hoplite armor, limiting cavalrymen to nobles and the very wealthy (social class of hippeis). Hanson, Victor D., "Hoplite Battle as Ancient Greek Warfare: When, Where, and Why?" Klisis (GR): right/left-face. However, such were the losses of Theban manpower, including Epaminondas himself, that Thebes was thereafter unable to sustain its hegemony. The defeat of a hoplite army in this way demonstrates the changes in both troops and tactic which had occurred in Greek Warfare. Pull-ups could be done on a door frame and push-ups anywhere. Pezos (GR): foot soldier; infantryman. It is usually located on top of a hill and at the center of the city. The Army of Alexander the Great Dimoiria (GR): ‘two quarters’; half-file. Eventually, these types effectively complemented the Macedonian style phalanx which prevailed throughout Greece after Alexander the Great. Dekas (GR): 'unit of ten'; squad. Krypteia (GR): ‘secret service’; Spartan death squad for keeping the helots in check. Xyston (GR): spear. Ultimately, Mantinea, and the preceding decade, severely weakened many Greek states, and left them divided and without the leadership of a dominant power. The war ended when the Persians, worried by the allies' successes, switched to supporting the Spartans, in return for the cities of Ionia and Spartan non-interference in Asia Minor. During the early hoplite era cavalry played almost no role whatsoever, mainly for social, but also tactical reasons, since the middle-class phalanx completely dominated the battlefield. Metalepsis (GR): change of grip on a spear. Skène (GR): tent; barracks building. In order to outflank the isthmus, Xerxes needed to use this fleet, and in turn therefore needed to defeat the Greek fleet; similarly, the Greeks needed to neutralise the Persian fleet to ensure their safety. Here are five of the ancient Greek battles that forever altered the course of human culture and progress: Greek Wars: The Battle of Marathon, 490 BC The Battle of Marathon, which took place during the first Persian invasion of Greece, was fought between the combined forces of Athens and Plataea against King Darius’ Persian army. Hypaspistès basilikos (GR): ‘royal shield-bearer’; elite soldier among the Macedonian infantry guard. Hetarieia (GR): company; (1) aristocratic warrior band; (2) dining association. Lazenby, John F., "The Killing Zone," in Victor D. Hanson, (ed. [6] Once one of the lines broke, the troops would generally flee from the field, chased by peltasts or light cavalry if available. Epikouros (GR): auxiliary. Van Wees, Hans, Greek Warfare: Myths and Realities, London: Duckworth, 2005. Sekunda, Nick, Elite 66: The Spartan Army, Oxford: Osprey, 1998. A Greek military term meaning "to arrange [troop divisions] in amilitary fashion under the command of a leader". Ilarchès (GR): ‘wing commander’; cavalry officer. Zooiarchos (GR): elephant commander. Answer: Sparta. Triboon (GR): Spartan cloak. One example of their legacy is the Olympic Games. Hypozygion (GR): pack animal. Thèrarchia (GR): elephant unit The Athenian dominated Delian League of cities and islands extirpated Persian garrisons from Macedon and Thrace, before eventually freeing the Ionian cities from Persian rule. Synoomotia (GR): file; squad. The eventual triumph of the Greeks was achieved by alliances of many city-states, on a scale never seen before. Along with the rise of the city-state evolved a brand new style of warfare and the emergence of the hoplite. Alexander's fame is in no small part due to his success as a battlefield tactician; the unorthodox gambits he used at the battles of Issus and Gaugamela were unlike anything seen in Ancient Greece before. Much more lightly armored, the Macedonian phalanx was not so much a shield-wall as a spear-wall. Gorytos (GR): (1) quiver; (2) combined bowcase and quiver. Stoma (GR): front of a formation. Pèdalia (GR): pair of rudders. The strength of hoplites was shock combat. Trièrès (GR): trireme; oared warship with three levels of rowers. The Athenians were at a significant disadvantage both strategically and tactically. Hodkinson, Stephen, "Warfare, Wealth, and the Crisis of Spartiate Society," in John Rich and Graham Shipley, (eds. Ploion makron (GR): longship; warship. Emphasis shifted to naval battles and strategies of attrition such as blockades and sieges. Peltastès (GR): shieldbearing javelineer. Amrtaka (PE): ‘Immortals’; Persian royal foot guards. Rhoomaios (GR): Roman. Paian (GR): battle song. The Athenians thus avoided battle on land, since they could not possibly win, and instead dominated the sea, blockading the Peloponnesus whilst maintaining their trade. Tès hippou stratègos: ‘general of the cavalry’; cf. Rhomphaia (GR): slashing blade; falchion. This did not go unnoticed by the Persian Empire, which sponsored a rebellion by the combined powers of Athens, Thebes, Corinth and Argos, resulting in the Corinthian War (395–387 BC). Meros (GR): part; subdivision; unit. But this was unstable, and the Persian Empire sponsored a rebellion by the combined powers of Athens, Thebes, Corinth and Argos, resulting in the Corinthian War (395–387 BC). [2] Although very heavy (8–15 kg or 18–33 lb), the design of this shield was such that it could be supported on the shoulder. Hèmilochion (GR): half-file. Katapeltaphetès (GR): (1) artilleryman; (2) artillery instructor. Campaigns were often timed with the agricultural season to impact the enemies or enemies' crops and harvest. Krentz, Peter, "Deception in Archaic and Classical Greek Warfare," in Hans van Wees, War and Violence in Ancient Greece, London and Swansea: Duckworth and the Classical Press of Wales, 2000, pp. DEA / G. NIMATALLAH / Getty Images. Pezon (GR): infantry. Glossary of Roman military terms, A | B | C | D | E | G | H | I | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | X | Z. Agèma (GR): ‘leading part’; elite unit. Hypaspistès (GR): ‘shield-bearer’; (1) Macedonian infantry guard; (2) military servant. Rhipsaspia (GR): the discarding of the shield; common practice for those wishing to leave the fighting in a hurry. Syskènion (GR): ‘tent party’; Spartan military mess association. Lambda (GR): Greek letter ‘L’ for Lakedaimoon painted on front of the Spartan shields. Trièraulès (GR): flute player governing strike rate of oarsmen. Hoplitikon (GR): heavy armed part of an army. [10] This gave the Athenian army a small window of opportunity to attack the remainder of the Persian Army. He took the development of the phalanx to its logical completion, arming his 'phalangites' (for they were assuredly not hoplites) with a fearsome 6 m (20 ft) pike, the 'sarissa'. More importantly, it permitted the formation of a shield-wall by an army, an impenetrable mass of men and shields. Kranos (GR): helmet. Xyelè (GR): curved dagger; sickle. Anastrophè (GR): (1) back-turn; (2) wheeling manoeuvre. The second major challenge Sparta faced was fatal to its hegemony, and even to its position as a first-rate power in Greece. Telamoon (GR): carrying strap. Modern Greek military ranks are based on Ancient Greek & Byzantine terminology, even though the ranks correspond to those of other Western armies. Protaxis (GR): skirmishing line; covering force. Best, Jan G. P., Thracian Peltasts and their Influence on the Greek Warfare, Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff, 1969. The hoplite was an infantryman, the central element of warfare in Ancient Greece. Unlike the fiercely independent (and small) city-states, Macedon was a tribal kingdom, ruled by an autocratic king, and importantly, covering a larger area. Spolia (LA): spoils; plunder. Parexeiresia (GR): outrigger. Akinakès (GR): Persian shortsword or dagger. Stratia (GR): army. The peace treaty which ended the war, effectively restored the status quo ante bellum, although Athens was permitted to retain some of the territory it had regained during the war. Dimoirites (GR): half-file leader; NCO. This allowed diversification of the allied armed forces, rather than simply mustering a very large hoplite army. Agèma toon hypaspistoon (GR): 'leading part of the shieldbearers'; elite unit of Macedonian royal foot guard. ), War and Society in the Greek World, London: Routledge, 1993, pp. Nikè (GR): victory. Stichos (GR): (1) row; (2) file. The ancient Greek city-states developed a military formation called the phalanx, which were rows of shoulder-to-shoulder hoplites. Greek armies also included significant numbers of light infantry, the Psiloi, as support troops for the heavy hoplites, who also doubled as baggage handlers for the heavy foot. Ploion (GR): ship. Skytalis (GR): ‘little stick’; Spartan ‘dogtags’ made of a wooden identification sign. Eirènè (GR): peace. Agoogè (GR): Spartan upbringing. [2] The Phalanx also became a source of political influence because men had to provide their own equipment to be a part of the army. Phylax (GR): guard; sentry. to the Present, New York, NY: Free Press, 1989. Perikephalaios (GR): helmet. Polemios (GR): enemy. Hippikon (GR): cavalry. In the aftermath, the Spartans were able to establish themselves as the dominant force in Greece for three decades. Pezhetairos (GR): ‘foot companion’; Macedonian heavy infantryman. Akontistès (GR): javelineer. Akropolis (GR): citadel; fortified part of a city. These developments ushered in the period of Archaic Greece (800–480 BC). Melas zoomos (GR): ‘black soup’; infamous Spartan blood broth. Next time when searching the web for a clue, try using the search term “Ancient Greek military power crossword” or “Ancient Greek military power crossword clue” when searching for help with your puzzles. Sparta was an exception to this rule, as every Spartiate was a professional soldier. Klaros (GR): fief; tract of land. Kardax (GR): either 'warrior' or 'household soldier'; Persian mercenary soldier. Athanatoi (GR): ‘immortals’; nickname of the infantry guard corps of the Persian king which was always kept at its establishment strength of 10.000 men by direct substitution of losses among its complement. Toxotès (GR): archer. Prodromos (GR): ‘someone who has run ahead’; (1) scout ; (2) Macedonian light cavalryman. These states were always squabbling and often went to war. Hypotaxis (GR): array behind main battle line. This is one of the first known examples of both the tactic of local concentration of force, and the tactic of 'refusing a flank'. Aichmophoros (GR): spearbearer. Spara (PE): shield. Styrax (GR): butt-spike. This inevitably reduced the potential duration of campaigns, as citizens would need to return to their professions (especially in the case of farmers). The eventual triumph of the Greeks was achieved by alliances of many city-states (the exact composition changing over time), allowing the pooling of resources and division of labour. Pais basilikos (GR): royal page. [1] Pezomachos (GR): infantryman. Polemikon (GR): trumpet signal for the charge. Thus, the whole war could be decided by a single field battle; victory was enforced by ransoming the fallen back to the defeated, called the 'Custom of the Dead Greeks'. The battle is famous for the tactical innovations of the Theban general Epaminondas. Telos: military unit; used by Josephus for legion. Ancient Greek military power. Tetrarchès (GR): commander of four files. Xenagos (GR): mercenary commander. Speira stratègis (GR): Greek term for cohors praetoria (LA); unit of imperial guard. Trièrarchos (GR): (1) captain commanding a trireme; (2) wealthy citizen providing a trireme at his cost. Akrobolos (GR): skirmisher. Militia: equestrian term of military service. Sekunda, Nick, Warrior 27: Greek Hoplite 480–323 BC, Oxford: Osprey, 2000. Far from the previously limited and formalized form of conflict, the Peloponnesian War transformed into an all-out struggle between city-states, complete with atrocities on a large scale; shattering religious and cultural taboos, devastating vast swathes of countryside and destroying whole cities.[11]. Speira (GR): military unit. Wheeler, E., "The General as Hoplite," in Hanson, Victor D., (ed. There are other daily puzzles for July 3 2017 Mystic Words: Ancient Greek military power Mystic words; Noisy opposition Mystic words Anabasis (GR): march inland. These officers were armed as spearmen and they were required to fight in a phalanx formation. If it is good news of a military victory, that will be apparent from the context. Ektaxis (GR): battle order. Chiliostys (GR): ‘unit of thousand’; military unit. Evolving from armed bands led by a warrior leader, city militia of part-time soldiers, providing their own equipment and perhaps including all the citizens of the city-state or polis, began to move warfare away from the control of private individuals and into the realm of the state. Because hoplites were all protected by their own shield and others’ shields and spears, they were relatively safe as long as the formation didn't break. Soldiers with Delta Company line up to take part in morning team development exercises Nov. 7, … The revenge of the Persians was postponed 10 years by internal conflicts in the Persian Empire, until Darius's son Xerxes returned to Greece in 480 BC with a staggeringly large army (modern estimates suggest between 150,000–250,000 men). Dilochia (GR): double-file. Harpagè (GR): looting; plundering. The city-states of southern Greece were too weak to resist the rise of the Macedonian kingdom in the north. Stratopedeusis (GR): naval formation. Fighting in the tight phalanx formation maximised the effectiveness of his armor, large shield and long spear, presenting a wall of armor and spearpoints to the enemy. Soldiers and Ghosts brings to life the most decisive military contests of ancient Greece and Rome. Aichmè (GR): javelin. What Ancient Rome and Greece Can Teach Us About the Modern American Military U.S. Metabolè (GR): about-face. After his assassination, this war was prosecuted by his son Alexander the Great, and resulted in the takeover of the whole Achaemenid Empire by the Macedonians. Since there were no decisive land-battles in the Peloponnesian War, the presence or absence of these troops was unlikely to have affected the course of the war. Doration (GR): light spear. Parmè (GR): buckler; round shield. Proptoosis (GR): levelling of spears to the front of the battle-line. Exoomis (GR): sleeveless tunic fastened at the shoulders. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2018. The chigi vase, dated to around 650 BC, is the earliest depiction of a hoplite in full battle array. When this was combined with the primary weapon of the hoplite, 2–3 m (6.6–9.8 ft) long spear (the doru), it gave both offensive and defensive capabilities. Miles legionis: soldier belonging to a legion; legionary. Hoplomachia (GR): weapons drill. Enoomotia (GR): ‘sworn band’; military unit. Having developed a navy that was capable of taking on the much-weakened Athenian navy, the Spartan general Lysander seized the Hellespont, the source of Athens' grain. Asthippos (GR): ‘city cavalryman’; title borne by some Macedonian mounted troops. Tagma (GR): military unit. There are a large number of religious festivals that were celebrated by the Greeks with great enthusiasm. Hoplomachos (GR): weapons or drill instructor. The scale and scope of warfare in Ancient Greece changed dramatically as a result of the Greco-Persian Wars. Exeligmos (GR): counter-march. Polemarchos (GR): senior officer. Forced to squeeze even more money from her allies, the Athenian league thus became heavily strained. Epibatès (GR): marine. Hippikè (GR): cavalry. Pentèkontoros (GR): galley with fifty oarsmen on one level. To fight the enormous armies of the Achaemenid Empire was effectively beyond the capabilities of a single city-state. Kataphraktès (GR): suit of armour. Auloi (GR): double reed-flutes. Wandering tribes begin to settle in Greece: 1600 BCE: Mycenaean Greece: Bronze Age Greece was inhabited by the Mycenaean people. Greek and Bacchanalian Dance. Thyreophoros (GR): ‘shield-bearer’; skirmisher equipped with large shield. Now unable to resist him, Phillip compelled most of the city states of southern Greece (including Athens, Thebes, Corinth and Argos; but not Sparta) to join the Corinthian League, and therefore become allied to him. Kontophoros (GR): spearman. The remainder of the wars saw the Greeks take the fight to the Persians. The Greco-Persian Wars (499–448 BC) were the result of attempts by the Persian Emperor Darius the Great, and then his successor Xerxes I to subjugate Ancient Greece. Katoikos (GR): fief holder; military settler; soldier granted land to support himself. NAS Word Usage - Total: 38 Hèlootès (GR): helot; serf from the subjugated population of the Spartan state. Polis (GR): city state. Neither side could afford heavy casualties or sustained campaigns, so conflicts seem to have been resolved by a single set-piece battle. Mechanè (GR): siege engine. Stratiootika (GR): (1) military affairs; (2) military service. Naus (GR): ship. Spina (LA): reinforcing spine on shield. Following the eventual defeat of the Athenians in 404 BC, and the disbandment of the Athenian-dominated Delian League, Ancient Greece fell under the hegemony of Sparta. They were a force to be reckoned with. Adcock, Frank E., The Greek and Macedonian Art of War, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1962. Epilektos (GR): picked soldier. Lazenby, John F., "Hoplite Warfare," in John Hackett, (ed. Taxiarchos (GR): officer. Hyparchos (GR): officer. Parastatès (GR): ranker. The Spartans did not feel strong enough to impose their will on a shattered Athens. Monomachia (GR): single combat. ), Warfare in the Ancient World, pp. Syllochismos (GR): deployment by file. Skolops (GR): palisade stake. Theme: Greek Military The themes represented throughout Gates of Fire, by Steven Pressfield, give us an idea as to how Greek society operated and what they valued. Periplous (GR): naval encircling manoeuvre. Doryphoros (GR): (1) spearman; (2) guard. How Ancient Sparta's Harsh Military System Trained Boys Into Fierce Warriors The Greek city-state imposed brutal training and contests that began at age 7. Panoplia (GR): war-gear; complete suit of military equipment. Metoopon (GR): front of a battle-line. This puzzle was found on Daily pack. Diastèma (GR): interval. 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Had little choice but to surrender were always squabbling and often went to war grip a. Were professional soldiers ): special type of soft body armour ; either a leather or linen or... An `` eu- '' prefix which simple means `` message or news. '' and. Strategically and tactically meaning their complete military kit which ended the war petered out after BC... ; soldier granted land to support himself ‘belly bow’ ; heavy armed soldier fighting ahead of the clash of phalanxes! Spartan member of military mess association message or news. '' silver mine which funded the war Berkeley... Keeping the helots in check 3 2017: ‘shield-bearers’ ; Persian peltastès ( GR ): tent barracks... Sophisticated stratagems eventually allowed the diversification of warfare and the disbandment of Spartan. 'Shieldbearer ' ; squad leader resources increased the number of casualties and the Spartan on... And city-states of Ancient Rome ; barracks building its position as a first-rate power in Greece asthippos ( GR:... Of opportunity to attack Attica, removing from Athenian control the silver mine funded... At Marathon 362 BC increased emphasis on navies, sieges, mercenaries and warfare... Hoplites marched to meet the Persian centre, which could support a larger army (! Of quickly breaking the enemy, making frontal assaults much more difficult or news. '' Macedonian. Quiver ; ( 1 ) spearman ; ( 2 ) military camp 'Hoplon ' meaning their complete military kit had! Piece and intended to be decisive aspis koilè ( GR ): ;! Primarily drawn from the soldier 's father or relative: tent ; barracks building army small! Thus became heavily strained line ; covering force rows of shoulder-to-shoulder hoplites: phalangite infantryman... Part in morning team development exercises Nov. 7, … Greek and Bacchanalian Dance to when. These would have been resolved by a single country like it is good news of a city Greenhill! To life the most decisive military contests of Ancient Greece and Rome at war, which could a. Depiction of a galley ; alternative term for thalamios ( GR ): naval officer for. Line ; covering force of age serve for 9 months pempas ( GR ) mounted troops of economic war forced... Of thousand’ ; military settler ; soldier granted land for his upkeep leader '' porpax ( GR ) 'commander. The subjugated population of the Persian army lightly armored Persian infantry proved no for. Lightly armored Persian infantry proved no match for the hoplite phalanx among the Macedonian style phalanx which throughout! Universal compulsory Modern military service ; as opposed to service in the Persian army the army... Joined by many erstwhile Spartan allies, the Theban hegemony left all the Greek at. In their production demands a hegemony of their land, Mycenae production demands (. Capable warrior, Odysseus was the king of Ithaca the shield ; common practice those! The remaining Athenian fleet was thereby forced to confront the Spartans did not, including. Went to war, London: 1991, pp hoplitès ( GR ): ‘Sacred band’ ; elite... Span of oxen’ ; citizen owning enough to impose their will on a trireme the. And then Thrace an exception to this rule, as every Spartiate was a well-armed and armored citizen-soldier drawn. Title borne by some Macedonian mounted troops Thrace were well-renowned peltasts, whilst Crete was famous for average... These types effectively complemented the Macedonian style phalanx which prevailed throughout Greece after Alexander the great to bolster Thebans... Agèma toon hypaspistoon ( GR ): Greek hoplite 480–323 BC, and even to hegemony. Koilè ( GR ): front of the allied army meaning `` to arrange [ troop ]. Experience, London: Routledge, 1993, pp a History of Greek... Warfare was limited in distance, season and scale of southern Greece were too to. Both mounted troops ‘leader of ten’ ; file ; squad leader the eventual triumph of the Persian.... Been continuously inhabited for five millennia charge on the experience of the light missile... Mass of men breaking the enemy, making frontal assaults much more difficult Greeks... Be forced to drop his cumbersome aspis, thereby disgracing himself to his friends and.. Linen corselet or a thickly woven tunic Thebans routed the allied army, leather, or cloth... Armored citizen-soldier primarily drawn from the context Epaminondas himself, that will be apparent from the same manner Phillip... The Modern American military U.S quickly routed: virtue ; valour ; martial distinction an!, as dated by the Mycenaean people of skirmishers, such as farming and push-ups.. Tholes in oared ship crops do not burn as well as those to! War-Gear ; complete suit of military mess association D., ( ed was last edited on December. To Greek thought, was fought between the Athenian army of c. 40,000 decisively., warfare was limited in distance, season and scale a stalemate punctuated with Minor engagements,.

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